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Impact of sepsis on the urinary level of interleukin-18 and cystatin C in critically ill neonates

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Abstract

Background

Urinary interleukin-18 (uIL-18) and cystatin C (uCysC) are biomarkers of acute kidney injury (AKI). We hypothesized that in non-AKI neonates, the level of uIL-18 and uCysC would be higher in those with sepsis compared to those without sepsis. The aims of this study were to determine the association between urinary biomarkers and sepsis in non-AKI critically ill neonates, and to evaluate whether uIL-18 and uCysC could serve as predictors of sepsis in this population.

Methods

The study included 111 non-AKI critically ill neonates with acute clinical deterioration suggestive of sepsis: 26 with infection, 57 without infection, and 28 were assigned to the unclassified group. Urinary samples were collected and a full sepsis screen was performed at the time of enrollment.

Results

The level of uIL-18, but not uCysC, was significantly elevated in non-AKI septic neonates. Urinary IL-18 was an independent factor associated with sepsis assessed by multivariate analysis, had odds ratio of 1.73 (95 % CI 1.15 to 2.58, p = 0.008), and achieved the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.74 for predicting the presence of sepsis in non-AKI critically ill neonates.

Conclusions

Sepsis has an impact on the level of uIL-18, but not on the uCysC in non-AKI neonates, suggesting systemic infection might influence the diagnostic value of uIL-18 to detect AKI in the general population.

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Abbreviations

AKI:

Acute kidney injury

AUC:

Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve

Cr:

Creatinine

CRP:

C-reactive protein

CSF:

Cerebrospinal fluid

CysC:

Cystatin C

IL-18:

interleukin-18

NICU:

Neonatal intensive care unit

ROC:

Receiver operating characteristic

SNAP:

The score for neonatal acute physiology

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Acknowledgments

We thank the staff in biochemistry laboratory for technical assistance. This work was supported by grants from the Science and Technology Program of Suzhou (SYS201137).

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Correspondence to Xing Feng or Zhihui Xiao.

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Xing Feng and Zhihui Xiao share corresponding authorship.

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Li, Y., Li, X., Zhou, X. et al. Impact of sepsis on the urinary level of interleukin-18 and cystatin C in critically ill neonates. Pediatr Nephrol 28, 135–144 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-012-2285-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-012-2285-7

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